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Question 15.1: What are polymers? Answer: Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules, which consist of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (103 − 107 u). In a polymer, various monomer units are joined by strong covalent bonds. These polymers can be natural as well as synthetic. Polythene, rubber, and nylon 6, […]

Question 14.1: Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene (simple six membered ring compounds) are insoluble in water. Explain. Answer: A glucose molecule contains five −OH groups while a sucrose molecule contains eight −OH groups. Thus, glucose and sucrose undergo extensive H-bonding with water. Hence, these are soluble in water. But

Question 13.1: Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary: (i) (ii) (iii) (C2H5)2CHNH2 (iv) (C2H5)2NH   Answer: Primary: (i) and (iii) Secondary: (iv) Tertiary: (ii) Question 13.2: (i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C4H11N (ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers. (iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines? Answer: (i), (ii) The

Question 12.1: Write the structures of the following compounds. (i) α-Methoxypropionaldehyde (ii) 3-Hydroxybutanal (iii) 2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde (iv) 4-Oxopentanal (v) Di-sec-butyl ketone (vi) 4-Fluoroacetophenone Answer: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Question 12.2: Write the structures of products of the following reactions; (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Answer: (iv) Question 12.3: Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points. CH3CHO,

Question 11.1: Classify the following as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols: (i) (ii)  (iii)  (iv) (v) (vi) Answer: Primary alcohol → (i), (ii), (iii) Secondary alcohol → (iv), (v) Tertiary alcohol → (vi) Question 11.2: Identify allylic alcohols in the above examples. Answer: The alcohols given in (ii) and (vi) are allylic alcohols. Question 11.3:

Question 10.1: Write structures of the following compounds: (i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane (ii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane (iii) 4-tert. Butyl-3-iodoheptane (iv) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene (v) 1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene Answer: (i) 2-Chloro-3-methyl pentane (ii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane (iii) 4- tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane (iv) 1, 4-Dibromobut-2-ene (v) 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene Question 10.2: Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI? Answer: In the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), KI produces HI

Question 9.1: Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: (i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride (ii) Potassium tetracyanonickelate(II) (iii) Tris(ethane−1,2−diamine) chromium(III) chloride (iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II) (v) Dichloridobis(ethane−1,2−diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate (vi) Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) Answer: (i)  (ii)  (iii)  (vi)  (v)  (vi)  Question 9.2: Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds: (i) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (ii) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (iii) K3[Fe(CN)6] (iv) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (v) K2[PdCl4] (vi) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl Answer: (i) Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride (ii) Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride (iii) Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) (iv) Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III)

Question 8.1: Silver atom has completely filled d orbitals (4d10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element? Answer: Ag has a completely filled 4d orbital (4d10 5s1) in its ground state. Now, silver displays two oxidation states (+1 and +2). In the +1 oxidation state, an electron is removed from the s-orboital. However,

Question 7.1: Why are pentahalides more covalent than trihalides? Answer: In pentahalides, the oxidation state is +5 and in trihalides, the oxidation state is +3. Since the metal ion with a high charge has more polarizing power, pentahalides are more covalent than trihalides. Question 7.2: Why is BiH3 the strongest reducing agent amongst all the hydrides

Question 6.1: Which of the ores mentioned in Table 6.1 can be concentrated by magnetic separation method? Answer: If the ore or the gangue can be attracted by the magnetic field, then the ore can be concentrated by the process of magnetic separation. Among the ores mentioned in table 6.1, the ores of iron such