Exercise 1.1 Page: 7 1. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of: i. 135 and 225 ii. 196 and 38220 iii. 867 and 225 Solutions: i. 135 and 225 As you can see, from the question 225 is greater than 135. Therefore, by Euclid’s division algorithm, we have, 225 = 135 × 1 …
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Question 14.1: Define environmental chemistry. Answer: Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical and biochemical processes occurring in nature. It deals with the study of origin, transport, reaction, effects, and fates of various chemical species in the environment. Question 14.2: Explain tropospheric pollution in 100 words. Answer: Tropospheric pollution arises due to the presence of …
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Question 13.1: How do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination of methane? Answer: Chlorination of methane proceeds via a free radical chain mechanism. The whole reaction takes place in the given three steps. Step 1: Initiation: The reaction begins with the homolytic cleavage of Cl – Cl bond as: Step 2: Propagation: In the …
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Question 12.1: What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds? CH2=C=O, CH3CH=CH2, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CHCN, C6H6 Answer: (i) C–1 is sp2 hybridised. C–2 is sp hybridised. (ii) C–1 is sp3 hybridised. C–2 is sp2 hybridised. C–3 is sp2 hybridised. (iii) C–1 and C–3 are sp3 hybridised. C–2 is sp2 hybridised. (iv) C–1 is sp2 hybridised. C–2 is sp2 hybridised. C–3 is sp hybridised. (v) C6H6 All the 6 carbon atoms in benzene are sp2 hybridised. …
Question 11.1: Discuss the pattern of variation in the oxidation states of (i) B to Tl and (ii) C to Pb. Answer: (i) B to Tl The electric configuration of group 13 elements is ns2 np1. Therefore, the most common oxidation state exhibited by them should be +3. However, it is only boron and aluminium which practically show …
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Question 10.1: What are the common physical and chemical features of alkali metals? Answer: Physical properties of alkali metals are as follows. (1) They are quite soft and can be cut easily. Sodium metal can be easily cut using a knife. (2) They are light coloured and are mostly silvery white in appearance. (3) They have low density …
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Question 9.1: Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table on the basis of its electronic configuration. Answer: Hydrogen is the first element of the periodic table. Its electronic configuration is [1s1]. Due to the presence of only one electron in its 1s shell, hydrogen exhibits a dual behaviour, i.e., it resembles both alkali metals …
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Question 8.1: Assign oxidation numbers to the underlined elements in each of the following species: (a) NaH2PO4 (b) NaHSO4 (c) H4P2O7 (d) K2MnO4 (e) CaO2 (f) NaBH4 (g) H2S2O7 (h) KAl(SO4)2.12 H2O Answer: (a) Let the oxidation number of P be x. We know that, Oxidation number of Na = +1 Oxidation number of H = +1 Oxidation number of O = …
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Question 7.1: A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased. a) What is the initial effect of the change on vapour pressure? b) How do rates of evaporation and condensation change initially? c) What happens when equilibrium is restored …
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Question 6.1: Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity (i) used to determine heat changes (ii) whose value is independent of path (iii) used to determine pressure volume work (iv) whose value depends on temperature only. Answer: A thermodynamic state function is a quantity whose value is independent of a path. …
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