NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Exercise Questions

1. State the location and function of different types of meristems.

Solution:

The location and function of different types of mersitems are as follows:

2. Cork cambium forms tissues that form the cork. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.

Solution:

Yes, cork cambium forms tissues that inturn form the cork. When the stem increases in girth, another meristematic tissue known as phellogen or cork cambium grows in the cortex region of the stem. This phellogen cuts off cells on both of the sides. The outer cells differentiate into the phellem or the cork while the inner cells differentiare into the phelloderm or secondary cortex. The cork is impermeable to water because of suberin, rendering protection to the tissues underneath.

3. Explain the process of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms with the help of schematic diagrams. What is its significance?

Solution:

The primary xylem and phloem exhibits the presence of a strip of cambium in woody dicot roots known as the interfascicular cambium which is formed from the cells of the medullary rays connecting the interfascicular cambium. Hence, the continuous cambium ring is formed. The cambium separates from the newly formed cells on either sides while the cells found towards the exterior differentiate into the secondary phloem. The cells detach towards the pith giving rise to the secondary xylem. The secondary xylem is synthesized in excess compared to the secondary phloem.

When there is secondary growth in plants, the girth of the plants increases, along with an increase in the water content and nutrients in order to assist the ever growing leaves, rendering support to the plants.

4. Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between

(a) Monocot root and Dicot root (b) Monocot stem and Dicot stem.

Solution:

(a) Monocot root and Dicot root

Monocot root

Dicot root

(b) Monocot stem and Dicot stem

Monocot stem

Dicot stem

5. Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem? Give reasons.

Solution:

The following characteristics can be used to distinguish if it is a monocot or a dicot stem:

Monocot stem

Dicot stem

6. The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features – (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths. (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?

Solution:

The traverse section is of Monocot stem. It is because the vascular bundles are dispersed in monocot stems. The phloem parenchyma is not found.

7. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues?

Solution:

Xylem and Phloem are called complex tissues because they are made of more than one type of cells which work together as a unit to perform the function. Xylem transports water while phloem transports food.

8. What is stomatal apparatus? Explain the structure of stomata with a labelled diagram.

Solution:

Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. Each stoma is composed of two bean-shaped cells known as guard cells which enclose stomatal pore.

Guard cells are dumbbell-shaped, where its outer wall is thin and inner wall is highly thickened. These structures possess chloroplasts and regulate the closing and opening of the stomata. The epidermal cells near the guard cells in some cases become specialized in their structure shape and size, they are referred to as subsidiary cells. The guard cells, the stomatal aperture and girdling subsidiary cells are collectively referred to as stomatal apparatus.

9. Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.

Solution:

Following are the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants.

Epidermal tissue system

Epidermal tissue system includes epidermis and epidermal appendages. Epidermis comprises of epidermal cells and guard cells while the epidermal appendages includes root hair, stem hair, stinging hair and glandular hair.

The ground tissue system

Ground tissue system is made up of simple tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

Vascular tissue system

Vascular tissue system consists of complex tissues such as Xylem, phloem and vascular cambium.

10. How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?

Solution:

Study of plant anatomy useful to us in the following ways

• To understand structural adaptations in plants to different climatic conditions
• Helpful in identifying monocots, dicots and gymnosperms.
• Physiological conditions can be studied, which helps in crop improvement.
• Study of plant fibres such as flax, jute etc helps in their commercial exploitation as it enables to predict the strength of wood which can be utilized to its potential.

11. What is periderm? How does periderm formation take place in the dicot stems?

Solution:

Phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm are collectively known as periderm. While plants undergo secondary growth, the outer epidermal layer and the cortical layer are ripped due to cambium. In order to replace them, the cortex cells turn meristematic which produces the cork cambium or the phellogen which comprises of a thin-walled, narrow and rectangular cells.

The phellogen sheds cells on either sides. The cells which shed from the exterior gives rise to the cork or phellem. The suberin accumulates in its cell wall making it impermeable to water while the inner cells emerge to become the secondary cortex or phelloderm which is parenchymatous.

12. Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf with the help of labelled diagram.

Solution:

Dicots exhibit dorsiventral leaves. When examined, the vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf consists of three different parts, they are:

• Epidermis – it is found on the adaxial epidermis (upper surface) and the abaxial epidermis (lower surface). On the outside, the epidermis is covered with a thick cuticle. Compared to the upper surface, the abaxial epidermis comprises of more stomata.
• Mesophyll – it is a tissue found in between the abaxial and adaxial epidermises. This tissue is

differentiated into the palisade parenchyma and the spongy parenchyma. The palisade parenchyma is composed of tall, compactly-arranged cells while the spongy parenchyma comprises of round or oval, loosely-arranged cells possessing intercellular spaces. The mesophyll comprises of chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis.

• Vascular system – The vascular bundles that are found in leaves are closed and conjoint which are engirdled by thick layers of bundle-sheath cells.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants is grouped under unit – 2 in the NCERT textbook for Biology Class 11. The marks that are allocated for this particular chapter as per past trends roughly comes up to 12 marks that is to say, that 17% of the question paper shall have questions appearing from this unit 2 – Structural Organization in plants and animals.

Hence, students have to revise all the chapters under this unit thoroughly. Practising questions from NCERT solutions is ought to be one of the best ways in achieving this feat as solutions are provided in accordance with the answering methodologies expected from a class 11 student.

Typology of questions that students can expect is the examinations are as follows:

• Knowledge-based
• Application-based
• Comprehension-based
• High order thinking skills based questions
• Evaluation type

List of subtopics covered in Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy of Flowering plants enriches students with a thorough knowledge of different kinds of tissues a plant possesses. Plant tissues can broadly be classified into meristematic and permanent tissues. Tissues carry out some of the most crucial functionalities such as rendering mechanical support, transportation of water and minerals, assimilation of food and its storage, photosynthesis etc.

Through this chapter, students get enlightened about the anatomical features of each part in detail, right from the seeds, different parts of a monocot and dicot seed, its differentiation, different zones etc. Hence, concepts are required to be learnt and understood as it would be helpful in class 12 where complete analysis would be carried out.

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

• Solutions provided are to-the-point
• Simple and easy to understand
• Extremely beneficial source even while preparing for competitive examinations
• Solutions are available to download for free
• Use of neatly labelled diagrams wherever necessary